Is My Child Ready for Primary School? A Development Checklist for Cambodian Parents

Starting primary school is an exciting milestone—but how do you know if your child is truly ready? In Cambodia, where children typically begin Grade 1 around age six, it’s important to look beyond age alone. Readiness includes emotional, social, physical, and cognitive development that helps your child thrive in a more structured school environment.

This checklist will help Cambodian parents assess primary school readiness in Cambodia and take steps to support a smooth transition.

1. Emotional Readiness

Primary school requires more independence than preschool. Ask yourself:

• Can my child separate from caregivers without prolonged distress?

• Does my child manage emotions (like anger or frustration) in healthy ways?

• Can they wait their turn and handle small challenges without giving up?

If not, don’t worry—these are skills that can be built at home through routines, play, and gentle coaching.

2. Social Development

Learning doesn’t happen alone. Children should be able to:

• Work in groups and play cooperatively with peers

• Share materials and take turns

• Follow adult instructions in a group setting

• Respect classroom rules and personal boundaries

Practicing social skills through playdates, group activities, or preschool programs can help strengthen these areas.

3. Language and Communication

Strong communication is key to learning and participating in class. Your child should be able to:

• Express thoughts clearly in complete sentences

• Understand and follow 2- or 3-step directions

• Ask for help when needed

• Understand basic stories and retell simple events

In Cambodia’s bilingual and multilingual schools, exposure to both Khmer and English at home or in preschool gives children an added advantage.

4. Early Literacy and Numeracy Skills

Your child doesn’t need to be reading books yet, but they should show basic academic readiness:

• Recognize letters of the alphabet (Khmer and/or English)

• Know how to write their name

• Understand that letters make sounds and words

• Count from 1–10 and recognize basic numbers

• Sort, match, or group similar objects

You can build these skills through reading together, singing number songs, and doing everyday activities like shopping or cooking.

5. Physical Readiness

Primary school often involves more sitting, writing, and physical coordination. Key indicators include:

• Ability to sit and focus for 15–20 minutes

• Use of pencils, crayons, and scissors with control

• Manage toileting independently

• Open lunch containers and manage snacks without help

Developing fine and gross motor skills through art, puzzles, running, or helping with chores will build confidence.

6. Self-Care and Independence

Children entering Grade 1 should start showing responsibility for their belongings and basic needs:

• Pack and unpack their school bag

• Put on shoes and clothes

• Understand personal hygiene (washing hands, using tissue)

• Follow a morning routine without constant reminders

Helping your child practice these at home builds self-confidence and reduces stress during the school day.

What If My Child Isn’t Ready?

Every child develops at their own pace. If your child struggles with several areas, consider:

• Extra support through a preschool readiness program

• Speech, occupational, or developmental assessments

• More time in preschool or a transitional class

• Daily home routines to build specific skills

There’s no shame in taking a little longer—what matters most is your child starting school when they feel safe, confident, and capable.

Starting primary school is a big step, but with the right preparation, your child can succeed and enjoy the journey. Use this checklist to guide your observations and talk with teachers or specialists if you have concerns.

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